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Lower quadrant Signals were the first type of signal to be widely adopted in railways original ones worked by falling into the signal pole and entirely disappearing from view
these were quickly discontiuned as the fact that clear was the arm not being visbile resulted in trains passing it if the cable holding it up snapped or for what ever reason the arm was removed, which could result in a collision
in the mid 19th centuray semaphores switched over to the more familiar Lower Quadrant Signals were the arm only falls half way this however had a similar issue of cable snap resulting in a green signal for oncoming trains however improvements in the cable design resulted in this happening less
this specific train signal above has a Rule 55 exemption mark on it this means that the connected signal box has track circuits installed this means the driver of the train doesn't need to contact the signaller to tell them they are at the signal and can help with quicker routing